A bibliography is a listing of the materials consulted by the author, alphabetical order.
A footnote or endnote is to inform the reader of the particular location (page or section) from which the writer has extracted information cited in the text.
Footnotes are located at the end of the same page from which information from another source was taken while endnotes are located at the end of the article)
All POINTER articles should be submitted with a bibliography and endnotes to acknowledge the sources of their research. An article must use either footnotes or endnotes to acknowledge the location of their research source, but not both.
For POINTER articles, endnotes are to be used. For CDF Essay Competition submissions, either endnotes or footnotes can be used.
Preferred Formats
Bibliography
Book - One Author (by aphabetical order, surname first):
Huxley, Tim, Defending the Lion City: The Armed Forces of Singapore (St Leonard: Allen & Unwin, 2000).
Book -Two Authors (by aphabetical order, surname first):
Dean, John P. and Alex Rosen, A Manual of Intergroup Relations (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1955).
Book - Multiple Authors with Editor or Editors
Paret, Peter, Gordon Craig and Felix Gilbert (eds), Makers of Modern Strategy (Oxford: Claredon Press, 1986).
Article from a Journal
Lim Choo Hoon, "The Battle of Pasir Panjang Revisited", POINTER, Vol 28 No. 1 (Jan-Mar 2002).
Internet Source - with Author & without Author
Lehman, M.A. and R.H. Brown. (1994). Intellectual Property and the National Information Infrastructure [Online]. Available: http://www..uspto.gov/nii/ipwg.html [1995, May 15}
American Institute for Conservation. (1994). Code of Ethics & Guidelines for Practice (revised draft), [Online]. Available: http://palimpsest.stanford.edu/byorg/aic/aicethics/ethdraf2.html [1995, June 13].
Footnotes/Endnotes
One author/editor
Salvador Giner, Sociology (London: Martin Robertson & Co. Ltd., 1975). p 63.
Julian Steward, ed., The Soviet System of Government, 2nd ed. (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1968), p. 25.
Two authors/more than three authors
John P. Dean and Alex Rosen, A Manual of Intergroup Relations (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1955). p. 21
Jaroslav Pelikan et al., Religion and the University, York University Invitation Lecture series (Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1964). p. 48
Article from a book/journal
W.T. de Bary, “Chinese Despotism and the Confucian Ideal: a Seventeenth-Century View”, in Chinese Thought and Institutions, edited by John K. Fairbank (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1957).
Lucy Eisenberg, “Scientists vs. Animal Lovers”, Harpers, November 1966, pp. 101-10.
Abbreviated versions
Ibid., p. 207. (Used to refer to a single work cited in the endnote/footnote immediately preceding)
Roche, op. cit., p. 208. (Used to refer to a single work cited in a previous endnote/footnote)
